Nine out of 10 people breathe air that does not meet World Health Organization pollution
limits. Air pollutants include gasses and particulate matter and collectively are responsible …

Airborne particulate matter (PM) comprises both solid and liquid particles, including carbon,
sulphates, nitrate, and toxic heavy metals, which can induce oxidative stress and …

Environmental pollution is a major cause of global mortality and burden of disease. All
chemical pollution forms together may be responsible for up to 12 million annual excess …

PM 2.5 varies in source and composition over time and space as a complicated mixture.
Consequently, the health effects caused by PM 2.5 varies significantly over time and …

Background Late-life exposure to ambient air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for
dementia, but epidemiological studies have shown inconsistent evidence for cognitive …

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with a range of health impacts,
including neurological abnormalities that affect neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, and …

Exposure to PM 2.5 is associated with an increased incidence of CNS diseases in humans,
as confirmed by numerous epidemiological studies. Animal models have demonstrated that …

Recent extensive evidence suggests that ambient fine particulate matter (PM2. 5, with an
aerodynamic diameter≤ 2.5 μm) may be neurotoxic to the brain and cause central nervous …

Background Although converging evidence has demonstrated that exposure to fine
particulate matter (PM 2.5) caused adverse effects on brain structure and cognitive function …

Highlights•The role of air pollution in the development of MS is critical.•Oxidative stress
resulting from air pollutants' exposures, increases proinflammatory cytokines.• …