Doxorubicin (DOX) constitutes the major constituent of anti-cancer treatment regimens
currently in clinical use. However, the precise mechanisms of DOX's action are not fully …

Since their first discovery in the 1960s by Alec Bangham, liposomes have been shown to be
effective drug delivery systems for treating various cancers. Several liposome-based …

Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has promising advantages in almost non‐invasion,
low drug resistance, and low dark toxicity, it still suffers from limitations in the lipophilic …

Cancer is a leading cause of death in many countries around the world. However, the
efficacy of current standard treatments for a variety of cancers is suboptimal. First, most …

Nanovesicles and bio-vesicles (BVs) have emerged as promising tools to achieve targeted
cancer therapy due to their ability to overcome many of the key challenges currently being …

Recent advances in nanomedicine have shown that dramatic improvements in nanoparticle
therapeutics and diagnostics can be achieved through the use of disease specific targeting …

Nanomedicine, particularly liposomal drug delivery, has expanded considerably over the
past few decades, and several liposomal drugs are already providing improved clinical …

The adsorption of proteins and their layering onto nanoparticle surfaces has been called the
“protein corona”. This dynamic process of protein adsorption has been extensively studied …

The ability to target contrast agents and therapeutics inside cells is becoming important as
we strive to decipher the complex network of events that occur within living cells and design …

The objective of this review is to outline current major cancer targets for nanoparticle
systems and give insight into the direction of the field. The major targeting strategies that …