Tumour-associated macrophages are an essential component of the tumour
microenvironment and have a role in the orchestration of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix …

The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to the
regulation of host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting …

The long-sought discovery of HER2 as an actionable and highly sensitive therapeutic target
was a major breakthrough for the treatment of highly aggressive HER2-positive breast …

Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition …

The NLRP3 inflammasome is linked to sterile and pathogen-dependent inflammation, and
its dysregulation underlies many chronic diseases. Mitochondria have been implicated as …

Abstract COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, is mild to moderate in the majority of
previously healthy individuals, but can cause life-threatening disease or persistent …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been
associated with substantial global morbidity and mortality. Despite a tropism that is largely …

Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-
inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide …

All eukaryotic organisms have evolved sophisticated immune systems to appropriately
respond to biotic stresses. In plants and animals, a key part of this immune system is pattern …