Uptake and efflux transporters determine plasma and tissue concentrations of a broad
variety of drugs. They are localized in organs such as small intestine, liver, and kidney …

This review summarizes the current knowledge on anatomy and physiology of the human
gastrointestinal tract in comparison with that of common laboratory animals (dog, pig, rat and …

Herbs are often administered in combination with therapeutic drugs, raising the potential of
herb-drug interactions. An extensive review of the literature identified reported herb-drug …

Many orally administered drugs must overcome several barriers before reaching their target
site. The first major obstacle to cross is the intestinal epithelium. Although lipophilic …

P-glycoprotein is the product of the ABCB1 [also known as multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1)]
gene. It translocates a broad variety of xenobiotics out of cells. P-glycoprotein was first …

Objective Although the human small intestine serves primarily as an absorptive organ for
nutrients and water, it also has the ability to metabolise drugs. Interest in the small intestine …

Sucralose is a synthetic organochlorine sweetener (OC) that is a common ingredient in the
world's food supply. Sucralose interacts with chemosensors in the alimentary tract that play a …

The efficacy of drug therapy results from the complex interplay of multiple processes that
govern drug disposition and response. Most studies to date have focused on the contribution …

The goals of this study were to assess the extent of human intestinal drug transporter
expression, determine the subcellular localization of the drug uptake transporter OATP1A2 …

A variety of drug transporters expressed in the body control the fate of drugs by affecting
absorption, distribution, and elimination processes. In the small intestine, transporters …