Interactions connect the units of ecological systems, forming networks. Individual-based
networks characterize variation in niches among individuals within populations. These …

All mutualistic plant–animal interactions are mediated by costs and benefits in relationships
where resources (from plants) are exchanged by services (from animals). The most common …

Patterns of resource use observed at the species level emerge from the way individuals
exploit the range of available resources. Hence, accounting for interindividual differences in …

Accurate predictions of pollination service delivery require a comprehensive understanding
of the interactions between plants and flower visitors. To improve measurements of …

Given the marked differences in environmental conditions and active biota between daytime
and nighttime, it is almost inevitable that ecosystem functioning will also differ. However …

Agent-based modelling (ABM) has become an established methodology in many areas of
biology, ranging from the cellular to the ecological population and community levels. In plant …

In recent decades, the interest in complexity of ant‐plant relationships has increased
considerably. However, because the spatial and biological information generated on ant …

Extrafloral nectar is the main food source offered by plants to predatory ants in most land
environments. Although many studies have demonstrated the importance of extrafloral …

Plant-animal interactions occur in a community context of dynamic and complex ecological
interactive networks. The understanding of who interacts with whom is a basic information …

Plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFN s) vary the secretion of nectar between day and
night, which creates turnover in the composition of interacting ant species. Daily variation in …