Most drugs of abuse easily cross the placenta and can affect fetal brain development. In
utero exposures to drugs thus can have long-lasting implications for brain structure and …

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder
that affects 8–12% of children and> 4% of adults. Environmental factors are believed to …

Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to 20% of mothers and has negative consequences
for both mother and child. Although exposure to psychosocial stress during pregnancy and …

Background Cigarette smoking by pregnant women is associated with a significant increase
in the risk for cognitive disorders in their children. Preclinical models confirm this risk by …

Smoking during pregnancy is associated with a variety of untoward effects on the offspring.
However, recent epidemiological studies have brought into question whether the …

Prenatal stress (PS) is associated with increased vulnerability to affective disorders.
Transplacental glucocorticoid passage and stress-induced maternal environment alterations …

Increasing evidence indicates that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) impairs cognitive
function and induces oxidative stress in the brain. Recently, astaxanthin (ATX), a marine …

Active maternal smoking has adverse effects on neurobehavioral development of the
offspring, with nicotine (Nic) providing much of the underlying causative mechanism. To …

It has been shown that prenatal nicotine and tobacco smoke exposure can cause different
neurobehavioral disorders in the offspring. We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to …

Increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is partly associated with the
early developmental exposure to nicotine in tobacco smoke. Emerging reports link tobacco …