Radiotherapy plays a central part in curing cancer. For decades, most research on
improving treatment outcomes has focused on modulating radiation-induced biological …

The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression by
creating a dynamic interaction with cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment consists of …

Introduction Immune escape frequently occurs and restricts the durability of the antitumor
immune response to radiotherapy. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death …

The application of bacteria and bacteria-derived membrane vesicles (MVs) has promising
potential to make a great impact on the development of controllable targeted drug delivery …

In countries with the best cancer outcomes, approximately 60% of patients receive
radiotherapy as part of their treatment, which is one of the most cost-effective cancer …

Radiotherapy (RT) enhances innate and adaptive antitumor immunity; however, the effects
of radiation on suppressive immune cells, such as regulatory T cells (Treg), in the tumor …

Human growth hormone (GH) is a classical pituitary endocrine hormone that is essential for
normal postnatal growth and has pleiotropic effects across multiple physiological systems …

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays key roles in regulating cellular proliferation
and maintaining tissue homeostasis. TGF-β exerts tumor-suppressive effects in the early …

What is known and objective Capsaicin, the major active ingredient of chili pepper, may play
a “dual role” in tumourigenesis, acting as a carcinogen or as a cancer preventive agent. The …

An ideal radiosensitizer holding an enhanced tumor retention can play an incredible role in
enhancing tumor radiotherapy. Herein, a strategy of acid‐triggered aggregation of small …