The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in neoplastic development.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critically involved in tumorigenesis by modulation of …

Simple Summary The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates multiple facets of protein
homeostasis to modulate signal transduction in numerous biological processes. Not …

Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand programmed
death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are profoundly changing the methods to treat cancers with long-term …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the tumor surrounding environment, which is critical
for tumor development and progression. TME is also involved in clinical intervention and …

Ubiquitination/ubiquitylation, one of the most fundamental post-translational modifications,
regulates almost every critical cellular process in eukaryotes. Emerging evidence has shown …

The immune checkpoint programmed death receptor 1 (PD‐1) and programmed death
ligand 1 (PD‐L1) are biologically important immunosuppressive molecules, and the PD …

Argonaute proteins, which consist of AGO1, AGO2, AGO3 and AGO4, are key players in
microRNA-mediated gene silencing. So far, few non-microRNA related biological roles of …

Iron metabolism plays a crucial role in the development and progression of hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer. Iron is an essential …

Emerging evidence demonstrates that WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1
(WWP1) participates into carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this review article, we …

Stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING, also named MITA, ERIS, MPYS, or TMEM173)
plays an essential role in DNA virus‐or cytosolic DNA‐triggered innate immune responses …