Early experience has a particularly great effect on most organisms. Normal development
may be disrupted by early environmental influences; individuals that survive have to cope …

Whereas single genes and individual chemical exposures are responsible for some
instances of adverse pregnancy outcome or developmental disease, gene–environment …

We use a unique data set of California births to ask whether intergenerational correlations in
health contribute to the perpetuation of economic status. We find that if a mother was low …

The “developmental origins of health and disease”(DOHaD) is a concept that has emerged
over the past 50 years, linking the state of health and risk from disease in later childhood …

Disagreement is essential to scientific progress but the extent of disagreement in science, its
evolution over time, and the fields in which it happens remain poorly understood. Here we …

Background & Aims Safety data on anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment during
pregnancy are limited. We studied the risk of birth defects after anti-TNF treatment in early …

The hypothesis that there is a developmental component to subsequent adult disease
initially arose from epidemiological findings relating birth size to either indices of disease …

An emerging framework in animal disease ecology seeks to 'decompose'a host's response
to disease into resistance, or its ability to resist infection following exposure, and tolerance …

Background: Major congenital malformations place a considerable burden on the affected
child, the family and society. Any kind of medicine used during pregnancy might have a …

There are many possible pathways between parental education, income, and health, and
between child health and education, but only some of them have been explored in the …