Background/Aim. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal biomolecules in the immune system.
Today, we are all aware of the importance of TLRs in bridging innate and adaptive immune …

Biofilms are microbial aggregation membranes that are formed when microorganisms attach
to the surfaces of living or nonliving things. Importantly, biofilm properties provide …

Acinetobacter baumannii is regarded as a life-threatening pathogen associated with
community-acquired and nosocomial infections, mainly pneumonia. The rise in the number …

The development of drug-resistant microorganisms has become a critical issue for modern
medicine and drug discovery and development with severe socio-economic and ecological …

The reduction in infectious disease morbidity and mortality may be attributed to a variety of
factors; however, improved sanitation and public health, and the introduction of vaccines …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that synthesizes and secretes a
wide range of virulence factors. P. aeruginosa poses a potential threat to human health …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) possesses a plethora of virulence determinants,
including the production of biofilm, pigments, exotoxins, proteases, flagella, and secretion …

Bacterial resistance to carbapenem agents has reached alarming levels. Accordingly,
collaborative efforts between national and international organizations and the …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a notorious gram-negative pathogenic
microorganism, because of several virulence factors, biofilm forming capability, as well as …

P. aeruginosa is still one of the most threatening pathogens responsible for serious hospital-
acquired infections. It is intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobial agents and additional …