Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely employed as a tool to investigate and
treat brain diseases. However, little is known about the direct effects of TMS on the brain …

Several recent studies have used transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to
demonstrate a causal role of neural oscillatory activity in speech processing. In particular, it …

Cranial electrical stimulation (CES) has been applied at various current levels in both adults
and children with neurological conditions with seemingly promising but somewhat …

Background Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has been shown to modulate
auditory, visual, cognitive and motor function. However, tACS effects can often be small and …

We review the research progress on noninvasive neural regulatory systems through system
design and theoretical guidance. We provide an overview of the development history of …

Single neurons often exhibit endogenous oscillatory activity centered around a specific
frequency band. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can generate a weak …

Abstract Study Objectives Synchronization of neural activity within local networks and
between brain regions is a major contributor to rhythmic field potentials such as the EEG. On …

Non-invasive electrical stimulation methods, such as transcranial alternating current
stimulation (tACS), are increasingly used in human neuroscience research and offer …

Background Invasive cortical stimulation (ICS) is a neuromodulation method in which
electrodes are implanted on the cortex to deliver chronic stimulation. ICS has been used to …

A variety of perceptual phenomena suggest that, in contrast to our everyday experience, our
perception may be discrete rather than continuous. The possibility of such discrete sampling …