Spinal cord injury remains a scientific and therapeutic challenge with great cost to
individuals and society. The goal of research in this field is to find a means of restoring lost …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results not only in motor and sensory deficits but also in autonomic
dysfunctions. The disruption of connections between higher brain centers and the spinal …

The lower urinary tract has two main functions, storage and periodic expulsion of urine, that
are regulated by a complex neural control system in the brain and lumbosacral spinal cord …

Numerous studies have demonstrated anatomical and functional neuroplasticity following
spinal cord injury. One of the more notable examples is return of ipsilateral phrenic …

Neurotrophins (NTs), particularly Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Brain-Derived
Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), have attracted increasing attention in the context of visceral …

Neurogenic bladder predisposes to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) and renal failure,
and susceptibility is commonly ascribed to urinary stasis from elevated residual urine …

The phrenic motor system receives excitatory inspiratory bulbospinal drive from inspiratory
pre-motor neurons in the rostral ventral respiratory group and descending inhibition from …

Dopamine (DA) neurons in the mammalian central nervous system are thought to be
restricted to the brain. DA-mediated regulation of urinary activity is considered to occur …

Introduction The first sacral nerve stimulators were for urinary urgency incontinence, urgency‐
frequency, and nonobstructive urinary retention. Since then, observations have been made …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) severely disrupts bladder function. What mediates bladder
dysfunction after SCI is currently unknown. We investigated the role that primary afferent …