Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is mainly a smoking-related disorder and affects
millions of people worldwide, with a large effect on individual patients and society as a …

The natural history of COPD is complex, and the disease is best understood as a syndrome
resulting from numerous interacting factors throughout the life cycle with smoking being the …

The publication of the Spanish guideline for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease–COPD–
(GesEPOC) has brought about a change in the approach to the treatment of this disease …

The Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPDGene) study,
which began in 2007, is an ongoing multicenter observational cohort study of more than …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibits significant heterogeneity in its
clinical presentation and rate of disease progression among affected individuals, owing at …

Observer-driven pattern recognition is the standard for interpretation of medical images. To
achieve global parity in interpretation, semi-quantitative scoring systems have been …

The main cause of this disease is considered to be smoking or exposure to other gases and
harmful particles that cause an inflammatory reaction in the airways and lung parenchyma …

Lung densitometry assesses with computed tomography (CT) the X-ray attenuation of the
pulmonary tissue which reflects both the degree of inflation and the structural lung …

Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that can degrade
the extracellular matrix and drive tissue remodelling, key processes in the pathogenesis of …

Purpose To correlate currently available quantitative CT measurements for airway disease
with physiological indices and the body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and …