Background The role of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of central nervous
system (CNS) disorders and aging is largely unknown. It is acknowledged that the …

In 2006, Zamboni reintroduced the concept that chronic impaired venous outflow of the
central nervous system is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), coining the term of chronic …

Under the auspices of the International Society for Neurovascular Disease (ISNVD), four
expert panel committees were created from the ISNVD membership between 2011 and …

The extra-cranial venous system is complex and not well studied in comparison to the
peripheral venous system. A newly proposed vascular condition, named chronic …

Background: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been proposed as a
possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: The CoSMo study evaluated the …

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and feasibility of intraoperative
radiofrequency ablation (IORFA) under ultrasound guidance for the treatment of liver …

Purpose To investigate an examiner-independent catheter venography protocol that could
be used to reliably diagnose venous outflow abnormalities in patients with multiple sclerosis …

Background and purpose A population‐based case− control study in the city of C atania, S
icily, was carried out to determine restless legs syndrome (RLS) prevalence and its …

Purpose: To determine whether a correlation exists between chronic cerebrospinal venous
insufficiency (CCSVI) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis …

Background There is no established noninvasive or invasive diagnostic imaging modality at
present that can serve as a 'gold standard'or “benchmark” for the detection of the venous …