A vast majority of cancer deaths occur as a result of metastasis. Unfortunately, effective
treatments for metastases are currently lacking due to the difficulty of selectively targeting …

Looking retrospectively at the development of humanity, vaccination is an unprecedented
medical landmark that saves lives by harnessing the human immune system. During the …

Cancer vaccines targeting patient-specific neoantigens have emerged as a promising
strategy for improving responses to immune checkpoint blockade. However, neoantigenic …

Immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly become the focus of
research due to their unique characteristics and bioinspired applications. They are lipid …

Obesity-induced insulin resistance is the hallmark of metabolic syndrome, and chronic, low-
grade tissue inflammation links obesity to insulin resistance through the activation of tissue …

A failure in immune tolerance leads to autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells,
leading to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Inhibiting autoreactive T cells and inducing regulatory T …

Although cancer immunotherapy is showing tremendous promise and has progressed to the
clinic, it has only achieved sporadic efficacy, with only a fraction of patients benefitting from …

In vitro 3D models are advanced biological tools that have been established to overcome
the shortcomings of oversimplified 2D cultures and mouse models. Various in vitro 3D …

Currently approved replication-competent and inactivated vaccines are limited by excessive
reactogenicity and poor safety profiles, while subunit vaccines are often insufficiently …

The lymph node is a highly structured organ that mediates the body's adaptive immune
response to antigens and other foreign particles. Central to its function is the distinct spatial …