Normal wound healing is a dynamic and complex multiple phase process involving
coordinated interactions between growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and various cells …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells characterized by self‐renewal,
production of clonal cell populations, and multilineage differentiation. They exist in nearly all …

Humoral immunity depends on the germinal centre (GC) reaction during which somatically
mutated high-affinity memory B cells and plasma cells are generated. Recent studies have …

In addition to being multi-potent, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess
immunomodulatory functions that have been investigated as potential treatments in various …

During the generation of a successful adaptive immune response, multiple molecular
signals are required. A primary signal is the binding of cognate antigen to an antigen …

A hallmark of adaptive immune responses is the generation of long‐lived protection after
primary exposure to a pathogen. In humoral responses, this protection stems from a …

Cell fate decisions during early B cell activation determine the outcome of responses to
pathogens and vaccines. We examined the early B cell response to T-dependent antigen in …

Vaccination provides a powerful means to control infections. It exploits and exemplifies the
ability of the immune system to preserve the information that a specific pathogen has been …

IgE antibodies with high affinity for their antigens can be stably cross-linked at low
concentrations by trace amounts of antigen, whereas IgE antibodies with low affinity bind …

The germinal center (GC) reaction is the basis of T-dependent humoral immunity against
foreign pathogens and the ultimate expression of the adaptive immune response. GCs …