Frustration is an emotional event arising from decreases in expected reward following
motivated behavior and is associated with stress and anxiety in humans, albeit rarely …

Affect-driven cognitive biases can be used as an indicator of affective (emotional) state.
Since humans in negative affective states demonstrate greater responses to negatively …

Extinction of learning is a common, yet under-reported limitation of judgment bias testing
methods Repeated exposure to the ambiguous probe of a judgment bias paradigm …

The use of animal models remains critical in preclinical and translational research. The
reliability of the animal models and aspects of their validity is likely key to effective …

With recent increased focus on positive welfare in animal welfare science, there is demand
for objective positive welfare indicators. It is unclear whether changes in body surface …

The identification of cognitive bias has become an important measure of animal welfare.
Negative cognitive biases develop from a tendency for animals to process novel information …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a globally prevalent, complex disorder with a wide
range of symptoms. Current-line antidepressants are only effective in minority of patients …

Legislative direction has encouraged the standard laboratory practice of group-housing rats
used for scientific purposes. It has been demonstrated that this type of housing causes the …

Cognitive symptoms of depression, including negative cognitive bias, are more severe in
women than in men. Current treatments to reduce negative cognitive bias are not effective …

In humans, affective states can bias responses to ambiguous information: a phenomenon
termed judgment bias (JB). Judgment biases have great potential for assessing affective …