Chloroplasts (plastids) possess a genome and their own machinery to express it. Translation
in plastids occurs on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes utilizing a set of tRNAs that is entirely …

Derived by endosymbiosis from ancestral cyanobacteria, chloroplasts integrated seamlessly
into the biology of their host cell. That integration involved a massive transfer of genes to the …

In addition to acting as photoprotective compounds, carotenoids also serve as precursors in
the biosynthesis of several phytohormones and proposed regulatory signals. Here, we …

Angiosperm plastid genomes typically encode approximately 80 polypeptides, mainly
specifying plastid‐localized functions such as photosynthesis and gene expression. Plastid …

We have generated a novel genetic system to visualize cell lineages in living tissues at high
resolution. Heat shock was used to trigger the excision of a specific transposon and …

Transgenic plant production in monocotyledonous species has primarily relied on
embryogenic callus induction from both immature and mature embryos as the pathway for …

Plants use energy from sunlight to transform carbon dioxide from the air into complex
organic molecules, ultimately producing much of the food we eat. To make this complex …

A novel, efficient maize genetic transformation system was developed using Agrobacterium-
mediated transformation of embryo explants from mature seeds. Seeds from field grown …

The second law of thermodynamics dictates that all living organisms require an exogenous
energy source for growth, development and reproduction. Whilst heterotrophic organisms …

We isolated stable albino plants of barley and maize by inhibiting plastid protein synthesis
with streptomycin and propagating bleached seedlings in the absence of antibiotics in vitro …