The latest edition of the WHO classification of the central nervous system was published in
2021. This review summarizes the major revisions to the classification of anterior pituitary …

Cushing disease (CD) is the main cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) and is
produced by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing pituitary adenoma. Its …

Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment, especially tumor-associated fibroblasts
(TAFs), has been extensively studied in cancer, but not as much in pituitary adenoma (PA) …

Invasiveness is a major predictor of surgical outcome and long-term prognosis in patients
with pituitary adenomas (PAs). We assessed PA invasiveness via radiological, surgical and …

Functioning gonadotroph adenomas (FGAs) are rare tumors, as the overwhelming majority
of gonadotroph tumors are clinically silent. Literature is based on case reports and small …

Background Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is characterized by acute hemorrhage or infarction of
the pituitary gland. Management can be either conservative or surgical. Evidence favoring …

Objective This article reviews the presenting features, molecular characteristics, diagnosis,
and management of selected skull base tumors, including meningiomas, vestibular …

Anatomical pathology is undergoing its third revolution, transitioning from analogical to
digital pathology and incorporating new artificial intelligence technologies into clinical …

Background Neurosurgeons treat nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas by surgical resection.
Based on the adherence of the tumor to the normal pituitary gland, operative risks may …

Background Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a type of tumor that develops in the sella turcica and
is one of the most frequent intracranial tumors. It belongs to a type of adenoma derived from …