Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are components of the innate immune system that respond to
exogenous infectious ligands (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) and …

Abstract Purpose of Review Mechanisms facilitating progression of hypertension via cross
stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and inflammation have been proposed …

Research studying the role of inflammation in hypertension and cardiovascular disease has
flourished in recent years; however, the exact mechanisms by which the activated immune …

Traditionally, arterial hypertension and subsequent end-organ damage have been attributed
to hemodynamic factors, but increasing evidence indicates that inflammation also …

Multicellular organisms suffer injury and serve as hosts for microorganisms. Therefore, they
require mechanisms to detect injury and to distinguish the self from the non-self and the …

Currently, ionizing radiation (IR) plays a key role in the agricultural and medical industry,
while accidental exposure resulting from leakage of radioactive sources or radiological …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system and serve as a
crucial link between innate and acquired immunity. In addition to immune function, TLRs are …

Aims Immune system activation is a common feature of hypertension pathogenesis.
However, the mechanisms that initiate this activation are not well understood. Innate …

Hypertension remains a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause
of global death. One of the major insults that drive increased blood pressure is inflammation …

A powerful interaction between the autonomic and the immune systems plays a prominent
role in the initiation and maintenance of hypertension and significantly contributes to …