This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Neuraxial opioids have contributed significantly to improved labor and postcesarean
delivery analgesia. In the obstetric population, epidural and intrathecal opioids are …

Background Childbirth is an important experience in a woman's life, and unfavorable birth
experiences have been shown to negatively impact postpartum maternal health. Aim of this …

Abstract Background/Aims: The control of labor pain and the prevention of suffering are
major concerns of clinicians and their patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the …

A central goal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical
protocols, free from commercial interest or influence, for managing common medical …

Neuraxial opioids are an integral part of obstetric anaesthesia and have contributed to
greatly improved analgesia for labour and caesarean delivery, both intraoperatively and …

BACKGROUND: Pain from episiotomy or perineal tears during childbirth is associated with
significant pain in the postpartum period. We performed this randomized, double-blind …

Background Women may experience differing types of pain and discomfort following birth,
including cramping pain (often called after‐birth pain) associated with uterine involution …

Neuraxial opioids provide excellent analgesia intraoperatively and postoperatively while
allowing early ambulation of the patient by sparing sympathetic and motor nerves. A …

Objective To describe women's experiences with the perception of, evaluation of, and
response to postpartum pain after cesarean delivery through the sensory, affective …