Since nuclear factor of κ‐light chain of enhancer‐activated B cells (NF‐κB) was discovered
in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating …

Abstract Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) plays an indispensable role in the hypoxic tumor
microenvironment. Hypoxia and HIF‐1 are involved in multiple aspects of tumor progression …

Immune evasion is a major obstacle for cancer treatment. Common mechanisms of evasion
include impaired antigen presentation caused by mutations or loss of heterozygosity of the …

Fourteen years have passed since nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was first shown to serve as a
molecular lynchpin that links persistent infections and chronic inflammation to increased …

T cell activation is a highly regulated process involving peptide–MHC engagement of the T
cell receptor and positive costimulatory signals. Upon activation, coinhibitory'checkpoints' …

Tumor neoantigen is the truly foreign protein and entirely absent from normal human
organs/tissues. It could be specifically recognized by neoantigen-specific T cell receptors …

The genomes of cancers deficient in mismatch repair contain exceptionally high numbers of
somatic mutations. In a proof-of-concept study, we previously showed that colorectal cancers …

Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is being explored as a predictive biomarker for cancer
immunotherapy outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer. BFAST (NCT03178552)—an open …

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly lethal hepatobiliary neoplasm whose
incidence is increasing. Largely neglected for decades as a rare malignancy and frequently …

The past decade of cancer research has been marked by a growing appreciation of the role
of immunity in cancer. Mutations in the tumour genome can cause tumours to express …