The tryptophan–kynurenine pathway (Trp–KYN) is the major route for tryptophan conversion
in the brain and in the periphery. Kynurenines display a wide range of biological actions …

Depressive disorders can affect up to 350 million people worldwide, and in developed
countries, the percentage of patients with depressive disorders may be as high as 10 …

Background There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that disturbance of the gut-
brain axis may be one of the potential causes of major depressive disorder (MDD). However …

The gut is colonized by many commensal microorganisms, and the diversity and metabolic
patterns of microorganisms profoundly influence the intestinal health. These microbial …

Poorer mental health is common in undergraduate students due to academic stress. An
interplay between stress and diet exists, with stress influencing food choices. Nutritional …

Neuropsychiatric illnesses represent a significant cause of mortality worldwide, 1 with more
than 30% increase in recent years. Among these conditions with high socioeconomic cost …

Acquired brain injury (ABI), such as traumatic brain injury and stroke, is a leading cause of
disability worldwide, resulting in debilitating acute and chronic symptoms, as well as an …

Tryptophan (Tryp) is an essential amino acid and the precursor of several neuroactive
compounds within the central nervous system (CNS). Tryp metabolism, the common …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of disability in
280 million people worldwide. Many environmental factors, such as microbes, drugs, and …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a significant role in the
survival and development of neurons, being involved in several diseases such as …