Spina bifida is the most common congenital defect of the central nervous system which can
portend lifelong disability to those afflicted. While the complete underpinnings of this disease …

OBJECTIVE: Inositol is a carbocyclic sugar polyalcohol. By epimerization of its hydroxyl
groups, nine possible stereoisomers can be generated, two of major physiological and …

Background Oral clefts, that is, clefts of the lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P), are the most
common craniofacial birth defects with an approximate incidence of~ 1/700. To date …

Orofacial clefts, including cleft lip and palate (CL/P) and neural tube defects (NTDs) are
among the most common congenital anomalies, but knowledge of the genetic basis of these …

Grainyhead-like (GRHL) factors are essential, highly conserved transcription factors (TFs)
that regulate processes common to both natural cellular behaviours during embryogenesis …

Abstract Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2), one of the three homologs of Drosophila grainyhead,
contributes to epithelial morphogenesis and differentiation. Dysregulation of GRHL2 has …

Spina bifida (SB) is a debilitating birth defect caused by multiple gene and environment
interactions. Though SB shows non-Mendelian inheritance, genetic factors contribute to an …

Background Neural tube defects (NTD) are among the most common defects affecting 1:
1000 births. They are caused by a failure of neural tube closure during development. Their …

The grainyhead-like (grhl) transcription factors play crucial roles in craniofacial
development, epithelial morphogenesis, neural tube closure, and dorso-ventral patterning …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most severe birth defects and the main cause of
newborn death; posing a great challenge to the affected children, families, and societies …