P2X receptors are membrane ion channels that open in response to the binding of
extracellular ATP. Seven genes in vertebrates encode P2X receptor subunits, which are 40 …

Mammalian ATP-gated nonselective cation channels (P2XRs) can be composed of seven
possible subunits, denoted P2X1 to P2X7. Each subunit contains a large ectodomain, two …

This review is focused on purinergic neurotransmission, ie, ATP released from nerves as a
transmitter or cotransmitter to act as an extracellular signaling molecule on both pre-and …

Nearly sixty years ago Fredrich Timm developed a histochemical technique that revealed a
rich reserve of free zinc in distinct regions of the brain. Subsequent electron microscopy …

ATP acts as a humoral mediator to control cell function extracellularly. The receptors that
mediate the actions of ATP belong to two classes, the metabotropic P2Y receptors and the …

There are seven P2X receptor cDNAs currently known. Six homomeric (P2X1, P2X2, P2X3,
P2X4, P2X5, P2X7) and three heteromeric (P2X2/P2X3, P2X4/P2X6, P2X1/P2X5) P2X …

The charge of this invited review is to present a convincing case for the fact that cells release
their ATP for physiological reasons. Many of our “purinergic” colleagues as well as …

There are few antagonists selective for subtypes of the several P2X receptors, but these are
needed to identify the receptors expressed on native cells and tissues. In particular, P2X4 …

Abstract ATP-gated P2X receptors are trimeric ion channels that assemble as homo-or
heteromers from seven cloned subunits. Transcripts and/or proteins of P2X subunits have …

ATP is found in every cell, where it is a major source of energy. But in the nervous system,
ATP also has additional actions, which include its role in fast synaptic transmission and …