The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number
of medical conditions; however, the subject remains controversial and no official statements …

Background and Purpose—Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is significantly associated with
cryptogenic stroke (CS). However, even in patients with CS, a PFO can be an incidental …

Background: Recent reports showing the favorable role of patent foramen ovale (PFO)
closure in patients with cryptogenic stroke have raised the issue of selecting optimal …

Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen
Ovale: From the American Society of Echocardiography and Society for Cardiac Angiography …

Objective: We aimed to create an index to stratify cryptogenic stroke (CS) patients with
patent foramen ovale (PFO) by their likelihood that the stroke was related to their PFO …

Background Antithrombotic therapy in valvular disease is important to mitigate
thromboembolism, but the hemorrhagic risk imposed must be considered. Methods The …

This chapter about antithrombotic therapy for valvular heart disease is part of the American
College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition) …

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common congenital heart abnormality of fetal origin
and is present in approximately∼ 25% of the worldwide adult population. PFO is the …

The decline in stroke incidence and mortality in the US over the past 20 years is reaching a
plateau, and the number of strokes may actually start to increase as the population ages …

Background Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) may be at increased risk of
ischemic stroke due to residual shunts, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular abnormalities …