The amino acid arginine (Arg) is a recognized secretagogue of growth hormone (GH), and
has been shown to induce GH gene expression. Arg is the natural precursor of nitric oxide …

Background: The quest for an ideal sedoanalgesic-combination exhibiting the triad of
efficacy, safety and patient comfort has led to administration of several permutations and …

Purpose Propofol injection can cause distressing pain, and no method can inhibit it
completely. Neither lidocaine nor magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4) was sufficient to prevent pain …

The opioid peptides have been implicated in peripheral antinociception induced by non‐
opioidergic compounds, including non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and α2 …

Background: The incidence of propofol injection pain during induction of general anesthesia
varies from 28% to 90%. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled …

Xylazine (Rompun) is an α2 receptor agonist that exerts a direct inhibitory effect on the
central nervous system, inhibiting the nerve impulse transmission within neurons, which …

Ketamine and magnesium as NMDA receptor antagonists interact synergistically to
decrease body temperature in rats. The mechanism of the hypothermic effect of the ketamine …

Low-dose ketamine is an efficacious antidepressant for treatment-resistant unipolar and
bipolar depressed patients. Major Depression Disorder patients receiving a single infusion …

Ketamine emerged from the exploration of phencyclidine (PCP) derivatives suitable for
anesthetic use in humans, and its discovery in 1962 is attributed to Parke-Davis Labs and …

Ketamine — a unique adjuvant drug in pain treatment Page 1 www.journals.viamedica.pl/palliative_medicine_in_practice
192 Review article Address for correspondence: Anna Rupniewska-Ładyko Centre of …