Increased levels of proteases, such as trypsin, in the distal intestine have been implicated in
intestinal pathological conditions,–. However, the players and mechanisms that underlie …

Virophages are small double stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses that can only replicate in a host
by co-infecting with another virus. Marine algae are commonly associated with virophage …

Recent studies find that sugar tastes less intense to humans with obesity, but whether this
sensory change is a cause or a consequence of obesity is unclear. To tackle this question …

Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a life-long infection spread by oral contact, infects a
majority of adults globally. Phylogeographic clustering of sampled diversity into European …

Summary The Early Iron Age nomadic Scythians have been described as a confederation of
tribes of different origins, based on ancient DNA evidence [1–3]. It is still unclear how much …

Multispecies host-parasite evolution is common, but how parasites evolve after speciating
remains poorly understood. Shared evolutionary history and physiology may propel species …

Abstract Background The human pathogen Haemophilus influenzae was the main cause of
bacterial meningitis in children and a major cause of worldwide infant mortality before the …

RNA: DNA hybrids compromise replication fork progression and genome integrity in all cells.
The overall impacts of naturally occurring RNA: DNA hybrids on genome integrity, and the …

Summary The Lord Howe Island stick insect, Dryococelus australis, was once common on
the island but was driven to extinction after the arrival of ship rats in the early 20 th century …

Abstract The Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, is a highly migratory species that is
widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean. Like other marine species, T. orientalis has no …