Somatosensory afferents are traditionally classified by soma size, myelination, and their
response specificity to external and internal stimuli. Here, we propose the functional …

Neuropathic pain indicates pain caused by damage to the somatosensory system and is
difficult to manage and treat. A new treatment strategy urgently needs to be developed. Both …

Ongoing pain is driven by the activation and modulation of pain-sensing neurons, affecting
physiology, motor function, and motivation to engage in certain behaviors. The complexity of …

The nociceptive system adapts readily to the varying needs of a warning system for
maintenance of bodily integrity. It often decreases its sensitivity upon continuous …

Central sensitization caused by spinal disinhibition is a key mechanism of mechanical
allodynia in neuropathic pain. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying spinal …

Although painful stimuli elicit defensive responses including escape behavior for survival,
starved animals often prioritize feeding over escape even in a noxious environment. This …

Pain chronicity involves unpleasant experience in both somatosensory and affective
aspects, accompanied with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) neuroplastic alterations. However …

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) exerts bidirectional descending modulation of pain
attributable to the activity of electrophysiologically identified pronociceptive ON and …

It is well known that exercise produces analgesic effects (exercise-induced hypoalgesia
(EIH)) in animal models and chronic pain patients, but the brain mechanisms underlying …

Pain is highly subjective, so it is always desirable to develop objective pain assessment
methods. Brain imaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) …