The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness about sex-specific differences
in immunity and outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strong evidence of a male bias …

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an adverse reaction to drugs or other xenobiotics that
occurs either as a predictable event when an individual is exposed to toxic doses of some …

Anecdotal evidence suggests that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the
coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, exhibits differences in morbidity and mortality between sexes …

The initial public health response to the breakout of COVID-19 required fundamental
changes in individual behavior, such as isolation at home or wearing masks. The …

Males and females differ in their immunological responses to foreign and self-antigens and
show distinctions in innate and adaptive immune responses. Certain immunological sex …

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune cholestatic liver
disease, which when untreated will culminate in end-stage biliary cirrhosis. Diagnosis is …

The X chromosome and X-linked variants have largely been ignored in genome-wide and
candidate association studies of infectious diseases due to the complexity of statistical …

A higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is found in males compared to females.
Young women (18–44 years) with CRC have a better survival outcome compared to men of …

Sex differences in cellular and systems biology have been evolutionarily selected to
optimize reproductive success in all species with little (sperm) and big (ova) gamete …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve as the body's first line of defense, recognizing both
pathogen-expressed molecules and host-derived molecules released from damaged or …