Pollen acts as a biological protector of male sperm and is covered by an outer cell wall
polymer called the exine, which consists of durable sporopollenin. Despite the astonishingly …

Pollen plays important roles in the life cycle of angiosperms plants. It acts as not only a
biological protector of male sperms but also a communicator between the male and the …

Abstract Arabidopsis Ruptured Pollen Grain-1 (RPG1/Sweet8) is a member of the
MtN3/saliva protein family that functions as a sugar transporter. The rpg1 mutant shows …

To better understand the biological affinities of cryptospores, micro-FTIR (Fourier transform
infrared) spectroscopy analysis has been carried out on isolated specimens from the Upper …

Chlorella protothecoides has been put forth as a promising candidate for commercial
biodiesel production. However, the cost of biodiesel remains much higher than diesel from …

New experimental modeling of exine has been undertaken to verify general ideas on the
participation of self-assembly processes in sporoderm development. Our aim was to confirm …

Ginseng (Panax ginseng), a valued medicinal herb, is a slow-growing plant that flowers after
3 years of growth with the formation of a solitary terminal umbel inflorescence. However, little …

We have attempted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of sporoderm development and
pattern determination in Plantago major through a detailed ontogenetic study, using …

The developmental events in the periplasmic space and cytoplasm of microspores of
Chamaedorea microspadix during sporoderm ontogeny have been traced in detail from …

Abstract Background and Aims The phenomenon of self-assembly, widespread in both the
living and the non-living world, is a key mechanism in sporoderm pattern formation …