Objectives Emerging evidence suggests a role of circadian dysrhythmia in the switch
between “activation” states (ie, objective motor activity and subjective energy) in bipolar I …

Background Youth anxiety and depression have long been combined within the empirically
derived internalizing syndrome. The two conditions show substantial comorbidity, symptom …

Objective To study the relationship between clock genes and Major Depressive Disorder
(MDD). Methods GEO database was used to obtain the chip data and clinical information of …

Background Disrupted sleep and rest-activity pattern are common clinical features in
depressed individuals. This meta-analysis compared sleep and circadian rest-activity …

Background Rapid progression from the first identifiable symptom to the onset of first-
episode psychosis (FEP) allows less time for early intervention. The aim of this study was to …

Motivational deficits are common in several brain disorders and motivational syndromes like
apathy and anhedonia predict worse outcomes. Disrupted effort-based decision-making …

Background Robust evidence links sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances to alcohol use
and alcohol-related problems, with a growing literature implicating reward-related …

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression; however, the
underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Apart from the disordered circadian rhythm in …

Background Bright light therapy (BLT) is efficacious for seasonal and non-seasonal
depression. However, the current state of BLT use in practice is unknown, impeding efforts to …

Introduction: The circadian system regulates various physiological processes such as sleep-
wake cycles, hormone secretion, metabolism, and the reaction to both natural and drug …