Colonization and development of the gut microbiome are crucial for the growth and health of
calves. In this review, we summarized the colonization, beneficial nutrition, immune function …

The calf stage is a critical period for the development of heifers. Newborn calves have low
gastrointestinal barrier function and immunity before weaning, making them highly …

Background As the global population continues to grow, competition for resources between
humans and livestock has been intensifying. Increasing milk protein production and …

Background The increased growth rate of young animals can lead to higher lactation
performance in adult goats; however, the effects of the ruminal microbiome on the growth of …

Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMs) are widespread in natural environments,
animals (wildlife and livestock), and humans, which has reduced our capacity to control life …

The first year of a calf's life is a critical phase as its digestive system and immunity are
underdeveloped. A high level of stress caused by separation from mothers, transportation …

The effects of different doses of a multispecies probiotic (MSP) mixture on growth
performance, the incidence of diarrhea rate and immune function, and fecal microbial …

Simple Summary The microbiota plays a pivotal role in the metabolism and health of
animals. The gut microbiome is dynamically changed by various factors including age …

The complex microbiome colonizing the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants plays an
important role in the development of the immune system, nutrient absorption and …

Alterations to the gut microbiome caused by changes in diet, consumption of antibiotics, etc.,
can affect host function. Moreover, perturbation of the microbiome during critical …