Biopolymers are promising environmentally benign materials applicable in multifarious
applications. They are especially favorable in implantable biomedical devices thanks to their …

In recent years, there has been rising interest in additively manufactured shape memory
polymers (SMPs) and their multi-functional composites. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an …

Advancements in polymer science and engineering have helped the scientific community to
shift its attention towards the use of environmentally benign materials for reducing the …

Electronics based on hydrogels can have inherent similarities to biological tissue and are of
potential use in biomedical applications. Ideally, such hydrogel electronics should offer …

Abstract 4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication
platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft and hard tissue …

The integration of magneto-responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) into 4D printing
provides novel opportunities to create innovative and intelligent products controlled in a …

The idea of four-dimensional (4D) printing is the formation of intricate stimuli-responsive 3D
architectures that transform into different forms and shapes upon exposure to environmental …

Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been
extensively used for developing flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors …

CO2-responsive materials undergo a change in chemical or physical properties in response
to the introduction or removal of CO2. The use of CO2 as a stimulus is advantageous as it is …

In the contemporary era, novel manufacturing technologies like additive manufacturing (AM)
have revolutionized the different engineering sectors including biomedical, aerospace …