The production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by fungi has been recognized for about a
decade. Here we discuss the roles played by fungal EVs in biofilm formation, antifungal …

Antibiotic residues in foods, water and the environment reveal antibiotic-resistant bacterial
strains, disrupting the ecological balance and causing serious health problems. For these …

Fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) were first described in human pathogens. In a few years,
the field of fungal EVs evolved to include several studies with plant pathogens, in which …

Antipyretic (heat-clearing) and diaphoretic (exterior-releasing) drugs are two main groups of
traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) possessing anti-microbes and anti-inflammation …

Small molecules are components of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs), but their biological
roles are only superficially known. NOP16 is a eukaryotic gene that is required for the activity …

Streptomyces avermitilis is a gram-positive bacterium that undergoes complex physiological
and morphological differentiation during its life cycle, which has implications in secondary …

Small molecules are components of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs), but their biological
roles are only superficially known. NOP16 is a eukaryotic gene that is required for the activity …

Trichoderma harzianum is a filamentous fungus that can act as a mycoparasite, saprophyte,
or a plant symbiotic. It is widely used as a biological control agent against phytopathogenic …

Raman signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under a strong sunlight environment of
30000∼ 60000 Lux is very hard to obtain. A compact remote Raman spectrometer (CRS) …

Living organisms are composed of numerous types of molecules that conduct their
biological activities through physical and chemical interactions. At the cellular level, this …