The problem of environmental pollution is a global concern as it affects the entire ecosystem.
There is a cyclic revolution of pollutants from industrial waste or anthropogenic sources into …

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has become the most commonly used method of
fertilization in assisted reproductive technology. The primary reasons for its popularity stem …

Male infertility is a complex condition with a strong genetic and epigenetic background. This
review discusses the importance of genetic and epigenetic factors in the pathophysiology of …

Purpose Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) is associated with intrinsic testicular defects
that severely impair sperm production. Although NOA invariably leads to infertility, focal …

Clinical infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of trying. Male factors
are estimated to contribute to 30–50% of cases of infertility. Infertility or reduced fertility can …

Establishment of spermatogonia throughout the fetal and postnatal period is essential for
production of spermatozoa and male fertility. Here, we establish a protocol for in vitro …

Among infertile couples, 25% involve both male and female factors, while male factor alone
accounts for another 25% due to oligo-, astheno-, teratozoospermia, a combination of the …

Background Sperm chromatin integrity is essential for normal embryo development and
pregnancy outcome. Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) testing constitutes a diagnostic tool to …

The differential diagnosis between obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia is the first
step in the clinical management of azoospermic patients with infertility. It includes a detailed …

The clinical management of men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) seeking fertility
has been a challenge for andrologists, urologists, and reproductive medicine specialists …