The amniotic membrane (AM) is the inner part of the placenta. It has been used
therapeutically for the last century. The biological proprieties of AM include …

Immune homeostasis is delicately mediated by the dynamic balance between effector
immune cells and regulatory immune cells. Local deviations from immune homeostasis in …

Injectable hydrogels may be pre-formed through dynamic crosslinks, allowing for injection
and subsequent retention in the tissue by shear-thinning and self-healing processes …

Purpose Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) induces a powerful inflammatory response that
can significantly exacerbate the extent and severity of neural damage (termed as “secondary …

Ischemic heart failure (IHF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, for
which heart transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. IHF manifests from …

Background Effector T cells, especially T helper 1 (Th1) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells,
are involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases such as uveitis. Under …

Short regulatory oligonucleotides are considered prospective tools for immunotherapy.
However, they require an adequate carrier to deliver potential therapeutics into immune …

Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of numerous diseases, including metabolic bone disease,
solid tumors, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration and inflammation. It is also a risk …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by
an inflammatory microenvironment and cartilage erosion within the joint cavity. Currently …

Despite the central role of IFN-γ in vitiligo pathogenesis, systemic IFN-γ neutralization is an
impractical treatment option owing to strong immunosuppression. However, most patients …