Bone remodeling replaces old and damaged bone with new bone through a sequence of
cellular events occurring on the same surface without any change in bone shape. It was …

Bone remodeling is tightly controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-
mediated bone formation. Fine tuning of the osteoclast–osteoblast balance results in strict …

Osteoimmunology is at full display during endosseous implant osseointegration. Bone
formation, maintenance and resorption at the implant surface is a result of bidirectional and …

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic skeletal disease. It is characterized by the
deterioration of the skeletal microarchitecture and bone loss, leading to ostealgia, and even …

Since the proposal of Paul Ehrlich's magic bullet concept over 100 years ago, tremendous
advances have occurred in targeted therapy. From the initial selective antibody, antitoxin to …

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by local infection in tooth‐supporting
tissue. Periodontitis is associated with systemic bone diseases, but little is known about the …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play pivotal roles in inflammation and provide important links
between the immune and skeletal systems. Although the activation of TLRs may affect …

Recent advances on brewer's yeast cell wall polysaccharides have unraveled exquisite
structural features and diverse composition with (β1→ 3),(β1→ 6),(α1→ 4),(β 1→ 4)-mix …

Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are water-soluble polymers consisting of repeating
sugar moieties that serve a wide range of functions for the bacterial species that produce …

2.1. Background For the last decade, the visceral organ and CNS cellular heterogeneities
have been detailed at molecular and histological levels. Such heterogeneity may be …