Tumor microenvironment (TME) takes critical roles in tumor resistance to immune checkpoint
inhibitors (ICIs) including anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) or anti-programmed death-ligand …

The use of polyphenols as adjuvants in lowering risk factors for various debilitating diseases
has been investigated in recent years due to their possible antioxidant action. Polyphenols …

Traditionally, vaccines have helped eradication of several infectious diseases and also
saved millions of lives in the human history. Those prophylactic vaccines have acted through …

Hypoxia is a known feature of solid tumors and a critical promoter of tumor hallmarks.
Hypoxia influences tumor immunity in a way favoring immune evasion and resistance …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multi-tasking cytokine that represents high activity in patients
with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and cancer. High …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of nanoscale membrane-bound organelles
including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), membrane particles, and apoptotic bodies, which …

Macrophages are the most abundant and one of the most critical cells of tumor immunity.
They provide a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity through releasing cytokines …

Colon cancer etiology involves a wide spectrum of genetic and epigenetic alterations,
finding it challenging to find effective therapeutic strategies. Quercetin exhibits potent anti …

Extending the durability of response is the current focus in cancer immunotherapy with
immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, factors like non-immunogenic tumor …

Immune system interactions within the tumour have a key role in the resistance or
sensitization of cancer cells to anti-cancer agents. On the other hand, activation of the …