The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

Rationale This review provides insight for the judicious selection of nicotine dose ranges
and routes of administration for in vivo studies. The literature is replete with reports in which …

The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic accumulation of evidence indicating that
the excitatory amino acid glutamate plays an important role in drug addiction and …

Striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are central for the processing and reinforcement of
reward‐related behaviors that are negatively affected in states of altered dopamine …

The identification of the molecular mechanisms involved in nicotine addiction and its
cognitive consequences is a worldwide priority for public health. Novel in vivo paradigms …

Individuals addicted to drugs of abuse such as alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, and heroin are a
significant burden on healthcare systems all over the world. The positive reinforcing …

A growing body of evidence indicates that repeated exposure to cocaine leads to profound
changes in glutamate transmission in limbic nuclei, particularly the nucleus accumbens. This …

Central nervous system cholinergic neurons arise from several discrete sources, project to
multiple brain regions, and exert specific effects on reward, learning, and memory. These …

Memantine received marketing authorization from the European Agency for the Evaluation
of Medicinal Products (EMEA) for the treatment of moderately severe to severe Alzheimer's …

Smokers have substantial individual differences in quit success in response to current
treatments for nicotine dependence. This observation may suggest that different underlying …