The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA;'ecstasy'), in addition to having abuse potential, may elicit acute and persistent …

Adenosine receptors (AR) are a family of G-protein coupled receptors, comprised of four
members, named A 1, A 2A, A 2B, and A 3 receptors, found widely distributed in almost all …

Brain dopamine (DA) and adenosine interact in the regulation of behavioral activation and
effort-related processes. In the present studies, a T-maze task was developed in mice for the …

Drug addiction is a serious brain disorder with somatic, psychological, psychiatric, socio-
economic and legal implications in the developed world. Illegal (eg, psychostimulants …

3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is one of the most widely abused
illegal drugs. Some users self-report euphoria and an increased perception and feeling of …

Several psychoactive drugs can evoke substance use disorders (SUD) in humans and
animals, and these include psychostimulants, opioids, cannabinoids (CB), nicotine, and …

The management of schizophrenia endophenotypes, namely positive, negative, and
cognitive symptoms is still an open goal, justifying the search of novel therapeutic avenues …

The use of psychostimulant drugs can modify brain function by inducing changes in the
reward system, mainly due to alterations in dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmissions …

Schizophrenia is a chronic severe mental disorder with a presumed neurodevelopmental
origin, and no effective treatment. Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disease with genetic …