Obesity is a chronic disease caused by an excess of adipose tissue that may impair health
by altering the functionality of various organs, including the lungs. Excessive deposition of …

Abstract The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors are implicated in the
functioning of innate and adaptive immunity and the genesis of inflammation. They are …

Mast cells are tissue-inhabiting cells that play an important role in inflammatory diseases of
the airway tract. Mast cells arise in the bone marrow as progenitor cells and complete their …

Background Although asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two
distinct chronic airway inflammatory diseases, they often co-exist in a patient and the …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory
disease characterized by neutrophils airway infiltration. It is currently known that Interleukin …

Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder of the airways, and multiple studies have
addressed the vital role of the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor …

Systemic inflammation is a well-established feature of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease, COPD, but less is known about inflammation in the upper airways in the disease. In …

Background Some clinical indicators have been reported to be useful in differentiating
asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) from pure …

The global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased over
the last decade and has emerged as the third leading cause of death worldwide. It is …

Background Smoking is likely to facilitate airway inflammation and finally contributes to
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This investigation was intended to elucidate …