The human body cannot store zinc reserves, so a deficiency can arise relatively quickly, eg,
through an improper diet. Severe zinc deficiency is rare, but mild deficiencies are common …

Zinc (Zn) nutritional importance has been known for a long time, but in the last decades its
importance in immune modulation has arisen. This review aims at describing the …

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most important toxic environmental heavy metals. Cd pollutes
the environment mainly from mining, metallurgy industry, pigments and plastic stabilizers …

The persistence of heavy metals (HMs) in the environment causes adverse effects to all
living organisms; HMs accumulate along the food chain affecting different levels of biological …

Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are essential microelements, which take part in cellular
metabolism, feature in enzymatic systems, and regulate enzyme activity. Homeostasis of …

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have widespread environmental distribution
originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources. From the last few decades, their …

Astrocytes, which are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), display
remarkable heterogeneity in their morphology and function. Besides their physical and …

Lead is an important heavy metal used worldwide in several applications, especially in
industry. People exposed to lead can develop a wide range of symptoms associated with …

The antiapoptotic, antioxidant, proliferative, and angiogenic effects of metallothionein (MT)-
I+ II has resulted in increased focus on their role in oncogenesis, tumor progression, therapy …

All living organisms are constantly exposed to oxidant agents deriving from both endog-
enous and exogenous sources capable to modify biomolecules and induce damages. Free …