Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, heterogeneous, progressive disease and is the most
common type of neurodegenerative dementia. The prevalence of AD is expected to increase …

Microglia are ramified cells that exhibit highly motile processes, which continuously survey
the brain parenchyma and react to any insult to the CNS homeostasis. Although microglia …

Background There is no simple model to screen for Alzheimer's disease, partly because the
diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease itself is complex—typically involving expensive and …

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive imaging technique
that has been increasingly used to image the retinal vasculature at capillary level resolution …

The essential function of the circulatory system is to continuously and efficiently supply the
O2 and nutrients necessary to meet the metabolic demands of every cell in the body, a …

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive disorder characterized by dopaminergic
neurodegeneration in the brain. The development of parkinsonism is preceded by a long …

Caspase-9, a cysteine-aspartic protease known for its role as an initiator of intrinsic
apoptosis, regulates physiological cell death and pathological tissue degeneration. Its …

Topic OCT is a noninvasive tool to measure specific retinal layers in the eye. The
relationship of retinal spectral-domain (SD) OCT measurements with Alzheimer's disease …

Studies of rodent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of human tissues suggest that the
retinal changes that occur in AD, including the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), may serve …

Importance Noninvasive retinal imaging may detect structural changes associated with
Parkinson disease (PD) and may represent a novel biomarker for disease detection …