NF-κB pathway consists of canonical and non-canonical pathways. The canonical NF-κB is
activated by various stimuli, transducing a quick but transient transcriptional activity, to …

The non-canonical NF-κB pathway is an important arm of NF-κB signaling that
predominantly targets activation of the p52/RelB NF-κB complex. This pathway depends on …

Clinical response to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is correlated with CAR T
cell persistence, especially for CAR T cells that target CD19+ hematologic malignancies. 4 …

CD28 costimulation regulates a wide range of cellular processes, from proliferation and
survival to promoting the differentiation of specialized T-cell subsets. Since first being …

Signal transduction events leading to the survival, differentiation, or apoptosis of cells of the
innate or adaptive immune system must be properly coordinated to ensure the normal …

Protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) is a member of the novel, Ca2+-independent PKC subfamily,
which plays an important and non-redundant role in several aspects of T cell biology. Much …

T‐cell activation requires contact between T cells and antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) to
bring T‐cell receptors (TCRs) and major histocompatibility complex peptide (MHCp) …

Decreased immune responsiveness associated with aging is generally termed
“immunosenescence”. Several theories have been proposed to explain age-related declines …

CD28 is one of the most important co-stimulatory receptors necessary for full T lymphocyte
activation. By binding its cognate ligands, B7. 1/CD80 or B7. 2/CD86, expressed on the …

Despite extensive study, the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) activation in
CD28 function has been highly contentious. To definitively address this question, we …