Developing strategies toward safe and effective drug delivery into the central nervous
system (CNS) with improved targeting abilities and reduced off-target effects is crucial. CNS …

In human demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), an imbalance between
demyelination and remyelination can trigger progressive degenerative processes. The …

Injury of oligodendrocytes (OLs) induces demyelination, and patients with
neurodegenerative diseases exhibit demyelination concomitantly with neurological deficit …

Despite the large number of immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive treatments available
to treat relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), treatment of the progressive phase of the …

Microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), exist in a
process-bearing, ramified/surveying phenotype under resting conditions. Upon activation by …

Microglia are the primary immune cells of the CNS, carrying out key homeostatic roles and
undergoing context-dependent and temporally regulated changes in response to injury and …

Intercellular communication in the central nervous system (CNS) is essential for brain
growth, development, and homeostasis maintenance and, when dysfunctional, is involved in …

Myelination is an essential process that consists of the ensheathment of axons by myelin. In
the central nervous system (CNS), myelin is synthesized by oligodendrocytes. The …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent demyelinating disease and a leading cause for
disability in young adults. Despite significant advances in immunotherapies in recent years …

Summary Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal
stromal cells, have been proposed as a promising therapeutic option for people with multiple …