Opium, the dried juice of the seedpod of the opium poppy, has been used for the relief of
pain and suffering for several thousand years. Many opioid drugs are still derived from …

Implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions were measured in 2 dimensions: positive-
negative (valence) and arousal-sedation, with 2 versions of the Implicit Association Test …

Cocaine produces its psychoactive and addictive effects primarily by acting on the brain's
limbic system, a set of interconnected regions that regulate pleasure and motivation. An …

Gambling disorder (GD) was reclassified as a behavioral addiction in the DSM-5 and shares
clinical and behavioral features with substance use disorders (SUDs). Neuroimaging studies …

There is recognition that biomedical research into the causes of mental disorders and their
treatment needs to adopt new approaches to research. Novel biomedical techniques have …

Nicotine, the primary psychoactive component of tobacco smoke, produces diverse
neurophysiological, motivational and behavioural effects through several brain regions and …

Trainability, in any substrate, refers to the ability to change future behavior based on past
experiences. An understanding of such capacity within biological cells and tissues would …

Although sexual behavior is controlled by hormonal and neurochemical actions in the brain,
sexual experience induces a degree of plasticity that allows animals to form instrumental …

The aims of the research were to (a) compare the alcohol attentional bias (AAB) of social,
hazardous, and harmful drinkers and (b) assess the effects of alcohol attention-control …

Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity and a particularly common
and intractable addictive disorder. Research shows that nicotine is a sine qua non of …