Acute and chronic stress differentially regulate immediate-early gene (IEG) expression in the
brain. Although acute stress induces c-Fos and FosB, repeated exposure to stress …

Cognitive impairments in substance use disorders have been extensively researched,
especially since the advent of cognitive and computational neuroscience and neuroimaging …

Rationale A great deal of research supports the role of nicotine in cigarette addiction.
However, the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as a smoking cessation …

The role of the D3 receptor has remained largely elusive before the development of
selective research tools, such as selective radioligands, antibodies, various highly specific …

Context In animals, repeated exposure to stimulant drugs leads to an enhanced drug-
induced psychomotor response and increased dopamine release. This phenomenon …

Repeated exposure to drugs of abuse produces long‐term molecular and neurochemical
changes that may explain the core features of addiction, such as the compulsive seeking …

Modern science be} ins to understand pleasure as a potential component of salu to} enesis.
Thereby, pleasure is described as a state or feelin} of happiness and satisfaction resultin} …

Background Propensity for alcohol misuse may be linked to an individuals' response to
alcohol. This study examined the role of alcohol response phenotypes to future drinking …

Drugs of abuse cause long-lasting changes in the brain that underlie the behavioral
abnormalities associated with drug addiction. Similarly, experience can induce memory …

Opioid drugs are potent modulators of many physiological and psychological processes.
When given acutely, they can elicit the signature responses of euphoria and analgesia that …