Objective Differential expression (DE) is a fundamental step in the analysis of RNA-Seq
count data. We had previously developed an R/Bioconductor package (called TCC) for this …

Many organisms show various geometric color patterns on their bodies, and the
developmental, evolutionary, genetic, and ecological bases of these patterns have been …

Understanding how novel complex traits originate is a foundational challenge in
evolutionary biology. We investigated the origin of prothoracic horns in scarabaeine beetles …

Adult females and males of most species differ in many aspects of their morphology,
physiology and behavior, in response to sex-specific selective pressures that maximize …

Exaggerated weapons of sexual selection often diverge more rapidly and dramatically than
other body parts, suggesting that relevant agents of selection may be discernible in …

Animals develop sex-specific morphological structures that are diverse between organisms.
However, understanding the developmental and evolutionary mechanisms governing these …

Evolutionary novelties—derived traits without clear homology found in the ancestors of a
lineage—may promote ecological specialization and facilitate adaptive radiations. Examples …

Clarifying the mechanisms underlying shape alterations during insect metamorphosis is
important for understanding exoskeletal morphogenesis. The large horn of the Japanese …

Many scarab beetles have sexually dimorphic exaggerated horns that are an evolutionary
novelty. Since the shape, number, size, and location of horns are highly diverged within …

What limits the size of nature's most extreme structures? For weapons like beetle horns, one
possibility is a tradeoff associated with mechanical levers: as the output arm of the lever …