Drug lag, recently discussed extensively in Japan, can be divided into two phases: clinical
development time and application review time. The former factor is still an important problem …

Caffeine is by far the most ubiquitous psychostimulant worldwide found in tea, coffee, cocoa,
energy drinks, and many other beverages and food. Caffeine is almost exclusively …

The polymorphic P450 (CYP) enzyme superfamily is the most important system involved in
the biotransformation of many endogenous and exogenous substances including drugs …

Introduction: The frequency of CYP2D6 alleles, related to either a lack of or increased
enzymatic activity, which may lead to poor metabolism (PM) or ultrarapid metabolism (UM) …

The cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme contributes to the metabolism and/or
bioactivation of approximately 25% of clinically used drugs. The CYP2D6 gene locus is …

Introduction Racial and ethnic categories are frequently used in pharmacogenetics literature
to stratify patients; however, these categories can be inconsistent across different studies. To …

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the most common allelic
variants of the polymorphic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 …

Pharmacogenetics analyzes the individual behavior of DNA genes after the administration of
a drug. Pharmacogenetic research has been implemented in recent years thanks to the …

Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a superfamily of hemoproteins which oxidize a number of
endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. The human CYP2C subfamily consists of four …

CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 are important drug metabolizing enzymes and together metabolize
about 18% of currently available drugs. Some of the important groups of drugs that are …